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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

9.6K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
9.6K
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

9.0K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
9.0K
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

1.4K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
1.4K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

65.1K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
65.1K
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

5.9K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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Correction: Patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and hypothalamic-pituitary involvement: insights from the HEROS study cohort.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

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Metastatic Spread to the Pituitary.

Ilan Shimon1

  • 1Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel, ilanshi@clalit.org.il.

Neuroendocrinology
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary metastasis, rare but serious, often originates from common cancers like breast and lung. Early detection and targeted treatment are crucial for better outcomes in these challenging cases.

Keywords:
Diabetes insipidusHypopituitarismMetastasisPituitary

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The pituitary fossa is an infrequent location for metastatic tumor spread.
  • Metastases to the sellar region predominantly arise from breast, lung, renal, prostate, and colon cancers.
  • While rare, pituitary metastases can originate from nearly all cancer types, including solid and hematologic malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins, clinical manifestations, and prognostic factors of pituitary metastases.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with metastatic disease in the pituitary gland.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported cases of pituitary metastases.
  • Analysis of primary cancer sources, affected pituitary lobes, and clinical presentations.
  • Evaluation of prognostic indicators and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary metastases most commonly involve the neuro-hypophysis.
  • Clinical symptoms include diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, headaches, and visual disturbances.
  • Metastatic spread to the pituitary is often associated with widespread disease and a poor prognosis, except when effective targeted therapy for the primary cancer is available.

Conclusions:

  • Pituitary metastases, though uncommon, represent a significant clinical challenge.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, guided by effective systemic therapies for primary malignancies like melanoma and lymphoma, are essential for improving patient prognosis.