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Comparative Evaluation of SMAD-2 Expression in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Reactive Oral Lesions
Sravya Zagabathina1, Ramya Ramadoss1, Harini Priya Ah2
1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Chennai, India.
Background:
The event of fibrosis encompasses involvement of definite immunological and molecular mechanisms. As quite a lot of pro-fibrotic pathways are concerned, a multipronged approach is obligatory to cognize the fibrotic events. SMAD signaling pathway hasn't been studied oral fibrotic events.In the progression of cramming the SMAD signaling pathway in OSMF, the first initiator protein of the pathway was considered for evaluation in the present study.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 100 subjects consisting of 20 controls, 40 patients with reactive lesions such as Traumatic Fibroma, Epulis Fissuratum and Gingival Hyperplasia and 40 patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis were recruited for the study. Tissue homogenates were assayed by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique using Human Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 2 (Smad2).
Results:
SMAD 2 expression values showed significant difference between control and OSMF group. However, the difference between reactive lesions with control and OSMF were not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
Graded increase of SMAD 2 expression from control,reactive lesions and OSMF were observed accentuating the role of SMAD signalling pathway in fibro genesis. Further this can be validated to generate effective antifibrotic targets.
Insights
The SMAD 2 protein expression increases with the progression of oral fibrotic conditions, from normal tissues to reactive lesions and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). This highlights the role of the SMAD signaling pathway in fibrosis development.
Area of Science:
- Oral pathology
- Molecular biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Fibrosis involves complex immunological and molecular mechanisms.
- Pro-fibrotic pathways require a multipronged research approach.
- The SMAD signaling pathway's role in oral fibrosis is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of the SMAD signaling pathway in oral fibrotic events.
- To evaluate the expression of SMAD 2, the pathway's initiator protein, in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF).
Main Methods:
- Quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique was used.
- Human Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 2 (Smad2) expression was measured.
- 100 subjects (20 controls, 40 reactive lesions, 40 OSMF patients) were recruited.
Main Results:
- SMAD 2 expression showed a significant difference between control and OSMF groups.
- A graded increase in SMAD 2 expression was observed from control to reactive lesions and OSMF.
- No statistically significant difference in SMAD 2 expression was found between reactive lesions and controls or OSMF.
Conclusions:
- The study accentuates the role of the SMAD signaling pathway in fibrogenesis.
- Graded SMAD 2 expression supports its involvement in the progression of oral fibrosis.
- Further validation could lead to effective antifibrotic therapeutic targets.
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