Caspase-11 promotes allergic airway inflammation

Activated caspase-1 and caspase-11 induce inflammatory cell death in a process termed pyroptosis. Here we show that Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) inhibits caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in murine and human macrophages. PGE₂ suppreses caspase-11 expression in murine and human macrophages and in the airways of mice with allergic inflammation. Remarkably, caspase-11-deficient mice are strongly resistant to developing experimental allergic airway inflammation, where PGE₂ is known to be protective. Expression of caspase-11 is elevated in the lung of wild type mice with allergic airway inflammation. Blocking PGE₂ production with indomethacin enhances, whereas the prostaglandin E₁ analog misoprostol inhibits lung caspase-11 expression. Finally, alveolar macrophages from asthma patients exhibit increased expression of caspase-4, a human homologue of caspase-11. Our findings identify PGE₂ as a negative regulator of caspase-11-driven pyroptosis and implicate caspase-4/11 as a critical contributor to allergic airway inflammation, with implications for pathophysiology of asthma.