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Decreased level of consciousness in a child: recognition and management

Neal Patel1, Naveen Nandakumar2, Paul Anthony Heaton3

  • 1Foundation Year 2 Doctor, Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe.

British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
|February 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Recognizing decreased level of consciousness (dLOC) in children is crucial for prompt intervention and preventing severe outcomes. This guide offers a systematic approach for healthcare professionals to manage pediatric dLOC effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Decreased level of consciousness (dLOC) in children presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Potential for severe sequelae and mortality necessitates rapid assessment and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying decreased consciousness in pediatric patients.
  • To outline various causative pathologies associated with dLOC.
  • To provide a structured approach for the initial recognition and management of pediatric dLOC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms of decreased consciousness.
  • Categorization of causative pathologies.
  • Development of a logical, first-line management strategy.
  • Inclusion of illustrative case studies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of consciousness mechanisms.
  • Comprehensive overview of dLOC etiologies in children.
  • A practical, step-by-step approach for healthcare providers.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and appropriate intervention are key in managing pediatric dLOC.
  • This article equips healthcare professionals with essential knowledge and a systematic approach.
  • Case studies highlight real-world clinical presentations and management.

Keywords:
AssessmentDeteriorating patientEmergency departmentGlasgow Coma Scale/AVPUSepsis

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