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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Paediatric Rational Prescribing: A Systematic Review of Assessment Tools.

Fenella Corrick1, Sharon Conroy1, Helen Sammons1,2

  • 1Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review identifies three tools for assessing rational prescribing in children: POPI, modified POPI (UK), and PIPc. These tools aid in improving medication use and guiding research in pediatric pharmacotherapy.

Keywords:
paediatricsrational prescribingrational use of medicines

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Rational prescribing criteria are established in adult medicine but less investigated in pediatrics.
  • Ensuring appropriate medication use in children is crucial for their health outcomes.
  • Existing tools for pediatric rational prescribing require systematic identification and overview.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and review all developed pediatric rational prescribing tools.
  • To provide an overview of the characteristics of these tools.
  • To support quality improvement and research in pediatric pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and IPA until July 2019.
  • Inclusion of all published pediatric rational prescribing tools.
  • Recording of tool characteristics: development method, criteria types, assessed aspects, and practice setting.

Main Results:

  • Three pediatric rational prescribing tools were identified: POPI, modified POPI (UK), and PIPc.
  • POPI and modified POPI (UK) use a mixed approach, while PIPc uses explicit criteria.
  • Tools vary in their intended practice settings and basis of practice standards (French or UK).

Conclusions:

  • This review describes three key tools for assessing rational prescribing in children.
  • The identified tools (POPI, modified POPI (UK), PIPc) offer distinct approaches and applicability.
  • This information can guide the use of these tools in quality improvement initiatives and future research in pediatric rational prescribing.