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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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Antigen-presenting cells in ocular surface diseases.

Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos1, Alexandra Papoudou-Bai2, Mark Lane3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. dkalog1990@gmail.com.

International Ophthalmology
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are crucial in ocular surface diseases (OSD). These immune cells initiate responses and are implicated in conditions like dry eye and keratitis, impacting vision.

Keywords:
Antigen-presenting cellsDendritic cellsDry eye diseaseInfectious keratitisOcular allergyOcular surfacePterygium

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are vital immune cells found in various tissues.
  • They initiate and direct immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells.
  • APCs play a role in maintaining immune tolerance and coordinating immune reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases (OSD).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Main Results:

  • APCs are present in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, including the ocular surface.
  • Evidence suggests APCs are involved in the pathogenesis of OSD, a group of disorders causing inflammation and vision impairment.
  • Various APC types have been identified, contributing to immune responses in the eye.

Conclusions:

  • APCs are critical in the pathology of several OSDs, such as infectious keratitis, ocular allergy, dry eye disease, and pterygium.
  • Understanding APC distribution and function on the ocular surface is key to managing these conditions.