Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

1.2K
Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
1.2K
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

274
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
274
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

1.2K
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
1.2K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

167
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
167
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

194
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
194
Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

1.8K
Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Normal Values for <sup>13</sup>N-Ammonia PET-derived Metrics in Heart Transplant Patients.

Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology·2026
Same author

Cardiovascular Disease in Singleton Offspring Born of Pregnancies Complicated by Placental Abruption: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Contribution of hypertension to recent changes in cardiovascular disease mortality: a population-based study in the United States.

Journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

Placental Abruption, Preterm Delivery, and Cardiovascular Disease in Twin Offspring.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Heart rate control in paediatric coronary CT angiography using phenylephrine.

European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice·2026
Same author

Cardiovascular disease and mortality following placental abruption.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of Vericiguat on Peripheral Vascular Function and Resting/Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Exploratory Pilot Study.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Norepinephrine Versus Dopamine as Vasoactive Therapy in Cardiogenic Shock: Association With 28-Day Mortality in a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

ABCD-GENE Score and Bleeding in Post-PCI Patients: Implications for Guided De-Escalation of Antiplatelet Therapy.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Alterations of Platelet MicroRNAs Associated With Dapagliflozin Treatment in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Comparative Effectiveness of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Heart Failure With Nonreduced Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Shared Genetic Liability Between Heart Failure and Myocardial Infarction Revealed by Genome-Wide Cross-Trait Analysis.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

15.0K

The Legacy Effect in Treating Hypercholesterolemia.

John B Kostis1, Mrinali Shetty1, Yuvraj Singh Chowdhury1

  • 1Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Cardiovascular Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early treatment for hypercholesterolemia, a lifelong condition, shows lasting benefits. The legacy effect in clinical trials demonstrates that interventions provide long-term advantages, reducing cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
PCSK9clinical trialshypercholesterolemialegacy effectniacinstatins

More Related Videos

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes
10:56

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes

Published on: September 15, 2018

8.4K
LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring
08:45

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

15.0K
A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes
10:56

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes

Published on: September 15, 2018

8.4K
LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring
08:45

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors are lifelong conditions.
  • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) typically last 3-5 years, potentially underestimating long-term treatment effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence for the legacy effect in hypercholesterolemia treatment.
  • To describe potential mechanisms underlying the legacy effect.
  • To discuss the clinical relevance of the legacy effect for patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 13 published randomized clinical trials.
  • Analysis focused on lipid-lowering agents compared to placebo or usual care.
  • Evaluation of trial data for a legacy effect post-randomized phase.

Main Results:

  • A legacy effect was demonstrated in all reviewed studies.
  • Current guidelines recommend high-intensity statins for manifest ASCVD and individualized primary prevention.
  • The legacy effect implies significant long-term clinical benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The legacy effect leads to substantial long-term clinical benefits, including prevention of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events.
  • Initiating lipid-lowering therapy early is associated with reduced event rates.
  • Long-term follow-up in clinical trial design is crucial for evaluating legacy effects.