Retrospective study of placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta in Peripartum hysterectomy specimens

Abnormal placentations such as placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta are important causes of hemorrhage after delivery causing maternal morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for abnormal placentation are prior caesarean section, placenta previa and pre-eclampsia. There is a need for reliable antenatal diagnosis for these serious conditions. If these pregnancies can be identified, antepartum, site and time of delivery as well as the surgical approach can be planned ahead; this decreases the incidence of maternal mortality due to massive hemorrhage.

(1) To study the incidence of abnormal placentation in emergency peripartum hysterectomy specimen. (2) To evaluate various risk factors associated with abnormal placentation.

Retrospective cross-section study done in patients with abnormal placentation leading to emergency peripartum hysterectomy during a course of eight-year period.

We received total of 18 emergency hysterectomy specimens during eight-year period of which placenta accreta accounts 55.5 percent (10/18), placenta increta upto 38.8 percent (7/18) and placenta percreta 5.5 percent (1/18). Analysis of result with parity shows uniparous women up to 22.2 percent (4/18), and multiparous women 77.7 percent (14/18). Risk factor analysis shows previous caesarean section in 55.5 percent (10/18), placenta previa in 33.3 percent (6/18) and pre-eclampsia in 11.1 percent (2/18).

In our study, among abnormal placentation, incidence of placenta accreta accounts for 55.5 percent and it is more common in multiparous women than uniparous women. Among risk factors in our study, previous caesarean section is commonly associated with abnormal placentation followed by a placenta previa and pre-eclampsia.