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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Slow light using magnetic and electric Mie resonances.

Søren Raza

    Optics Letters
    |February 29, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers slowed light speed using dielectric Mie-type resonators. This light-matter interaction is key for optical applications like sensing and pulse manipulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Slowing light enables enhanced light-matter interactions crucial for optical applications.
    • Applications include sensing, nonlinear optics, and optical pulse manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate dramatic light speed reduction using Mie-type resonators.
    • To develop a general theory linking speed reduction to resonator properties.
    • To explore silicon nanodisk arrays for this phenomenon.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the interference of electric and magnetic dipole resonances in Mie-type resonators.
    • Employing dielectric materials with high refractive indices.
    • Developing a theoretical framework to analyze light speed reduction.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved significant reduction in the speed of light.
    • Established a general theory connecting maximal speed reduction to radiation losses.
    • Investigated silicon nanodisk arrays as a practical realization.

    Conclusions:

    • Interference of dipole resonances in high refractive index dielectric resonators offers a pathway to slow light.
    • Resonator radiation losses fundamentally limit the achievable speed reduction.
    • Silicon nanodisk arrays are a promising platform for realizing slow light effects.