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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Association of Picornavirus Infections With Acute Otitis Media in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Elina M Seppälä1, Sami Oikarinen1, Jussi P Lehtonen1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|February 29, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Human enteroviruses (HEVs) and human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are linked to acute otitis media (AOM) in infants. These viruses may contribute to a significant proportion of AOM cases, highlighting their role in middle ear infections.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection.
  • Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), human enteroviruses (HEVs), and human parechoviruses (HPeVs) have been implicated in AOM etiology.
  • Prospective birth cohort studies are crucial for understanding early-life infection risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between HRV, HEV, HPeV, and AOM in a prospective birth cohort.
  • To determine the relative contributions of these viruses to AOM incidence.
  • To provide insights into the viral pathogenesis of AOM in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up of 324 healthy infants from birth to age 3 years.
  • Collection and real-time RT-qPCR screening of nasal swabs for HRV and HEV at multiple time points.
  • Monthly stool sample collection and analysis for HRV, HEV, and HPeV; AOM diagnosis and parental reporting via diary.

Main Results:

  • Significant association found between AOM episodes and simultaneous detection of HEV (aOR 2.04) and HRV (aOR 1.54).
  • HPeV showed a non-significant trend towards association with AOM (aOR 1.44).
  • HRV and HEV accounted for higher population-attributable risk percentages (25% and 20%) compared to HPeV (11%).

Conclusions:

  • HEVs and HRVs are significantly associated with AOM development in infants.
  • These viruses may contribute to a substantial proportion of AOM cases.
  • Findings underscore the importance of viral surveillance in AOM management and prevention strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute otitis mediachildhuman enterovirushuman parechovirushuman rhinoviruspicornaviruses

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