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Related Concept Videos

Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Hot Weather Concreting01:20

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Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
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Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

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When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Rapid PCR Thermocycling using Microscale Thermal Convection
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Precooling Strategy Allows Exponentially Faster Heating.

A Gal1, O Raz1

  • 1Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.

Physical Review Letters
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heating systems faster is possible using a surprising precooling strategy. This method, demonstrated on the 2D Ising model, significantly shortens heating times in many-body systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Quantum Control

Background:

  • Heating systems efficiently is crucial in many scientific and engineering applications.
  • Conventional heating protocols often rely on maximum temperature differences, which may not be optimal.
  • Exploring novel heating strategies can lead to significant time savings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate optimal heating protocols for systems coupled to a temperature-controlled environment.
  • To demonstrate that faster heating can be achieved through non-intuitive methods.
  • To develop a generalizable method for finding such protocols in complex systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a projection-based method for discovering optimal control protocols.
  • Application of the method to find heating protocols for many-body systems.
  • Numerical simulation and analysis of the 2D antiferromagnetic Ising model.

Main Results:

  • Identified heating protocols that achieve exponential speedups compared to conventional methods.
  • Demonstrated that incorporating a precooling phase can drastically reduce overall heating time.
  • Successfully applied the projection-based method to a large-scale 2D Ising model.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal heating protocols can be counter-intuitive, often involving a precooling stage.
  • The developed projection-based method is effective for finding fast heating protocols in complex many-body systems.
  • This approach offers significant potential for time-efficiency in thermal management and control applications.