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Shear stress enables graphite to diamond transformation at ambient temperatures. This new pathway, occurring during decompression, involves metastable sp³ phases and explains recent low-temperature diamond formation observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Graphite to diamond transformation typically requires high pressure and temperature.
  • Existing mechanisms fail to explain low-temperature diamond formation under shear stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of graphite to diamond transformation under compression combined with shear stress at ambient temperature.
  • To investigate the role of shear-induced structural transitions in diamond formation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical simulations of graphite under shear stress.
  • Advanced experimental validation of simulated pathways.
  • Analysis of structural transitions during decompression.

Main Results:

  • A novel graphite to diamond transition pathway initiated by shear stress at ambient temperature.
  • Formation of metastable sp³ phases under high pressure and shear.
  • Transformation of these phases into diamond or graphite upon decompression.

Conclusions:

  • Shear stress is critical for low-temperature graphite to diamond conversion.
  • The identified mechanism explains recent experimental findings on shear-induced diamond formation.
  • This work provides new insights into the fundamental graphite-diamond transformation process.