Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

2.2K
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
2.2K
Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects

1.8K
In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
1.8K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.0K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improved Stability in LiX-NbCl<sub>5</sub> (X = Cl, Br) Glass-Ceramic Electrolytes Through Anion Mixing for Solid-State Batteries.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Super-High Sodium-Ion Conductivity of Na<sub>2.9</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> at Low Pressures by Systematic Pressure and Temperature Treatments.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

All-metal aromaticity of cyclo-Bi<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup> in diuranium and dithorium inverse-sandwich-type complexes.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Bimetallic Bismuth-Based Nanoparticles From Pseudo-Tetrahedral Zintl Anions.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Smallest acyclic tricationic molecule containing a Bis(phosphine)-stabilized low-valent triantimony-based Unit.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

C atoms <i>ver</i>s<i>us</i> Si atoms at the bridgehead positions of phenyl-decorated adamantane-type clusters: influence on the nonlinear optical response.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

9.0K

Current advances in tin cluster chemistry.

Bertram Peters1, Niels Lichtenberger1, Eike Dornsiepen1

  • 1Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .

Chemical Science
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tin clusters exhibit diverse properties due to tin

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
07:14

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

9.4K
Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

9.0K
Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
07:14

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

9.4K
Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Tin clusters, discrete molecular units of tin atoms, present unique chemical characteristics.
  • Tin can exist in positive or negative oxidation states within these clusters, leading to varied properties.
  • Compared to silicon and germanium analogs, tin(IV) compounds show reduced oxophilicity and hydrolysis, simplifying handling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements and diverse applications of tin cluster chemistry.
  • To highlight the unique properties arising from tin's variable oxidation states.
  • To explore the potential of tin clusters in functional materials and biomedical fields.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in tin cluster synthesis and characterization.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships in tin clusters.
  • Discussion of theoretical and experimental findings on tin cluster behavior.

Main Results:

  • Tin clusters display a wide range of properties due to tin's accessible oxidation states.
  • Tin(IV) compounds offer improved stability and handling compared to related elements.
  • Functional tin clusters exhibit potential in optical applications, ion/molecule trapping, and bioactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Tin cluster chemistry is a dynamic field with significant potential for novel functional materials.
  • The unique reactivity and properties of tin clusters warrant further investigation for practical applications.
  • Tin clusters are promising candidates for advanced materials and potential biomedical uses.