Effect of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the sternal mass of meat ducks under different vitamin regimens

Genetic selection and intensive nutrition for increased growth rate in meat-type ducks has resulted in an imbalance between pectorales increment and sternal mass, which is detrimental to productivity and welfare. Reducing body weight and increasing sternal mass probably reverses these adverse effects. Therefore, 2 experiments (Expt.) were conducted to investigate the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3), a vitamin D3 metabolites, on sternal mass. In Expt. 1, 512 1-day-old male ducks were randomly assigned to 4 low-nutrient density diets and received following treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: (i) NRC or China Agricultural industry standards (NY/T) vitamin premixes and (ii) 0.069 mg/kg 25-HyD in feed or not. At 49 D of age, regardless of 25-OH-D3, NY/T vitamin regimen inhibited bone turnover and consequently increased sternal trabecular bone volume and mineral deposition compared with NRC vitamin premix. Supplementing 25-OH-D3 to NRC but not NY/T vitamin regimen significantly improved sternal microarchitecture and mineral content, which companied by decreased serum bone resorption markers concentration, as well as downregulation of the gene expressions of osteoclast differentiation and activity. In Expt. 2, 256 1-day-old male ducks were fed a standard nutrient density diet contained NRC vitamin premix with 0 or 0.069 mg/kg of 25-OH-D3. Results also showed that 25-OH-D3 treatment significantly improved sternal mineral accumulation and microarchitecture, along with decreasing osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in bone surface, declining serum bone turnover markers levels, and increasing serum Ca concentration. Collectively, these findings indicated that the dietary administration of 25-OH-D3 increased sternal mass in NRC vitamin diet by suppressing bone resorption in 49-day-old meat duck.