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SHORTROOT-Mediated Intercellular Signals Coordinate Phloem Development in Arabidopsis Roots.

Hyoujin Kim1, Jing Zhou1,2,3, Deepak Kumar1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

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|March 1, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

SHORTROOT (SHR) transcription factor coordinates Arabidopsis root phloem development. SHR movement regulates asymmetric cell divisions for companion cells and sieve elements, revealing a novel feedforward loop in vascular tissue patterning.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Asymmetric cell division (ACD) and positional signals are crucial for plant tissue patterning.
  • Arabidopsis root meristem phloem development involves ACDs for companion cells (CCs) and sieve elements (SEs), but their coordination is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the coordinated molecular mechanisms regulating phloem development in Arabidopsis roots.
  • To investigate the role of the SHORTROOT (SHR) transcription factor in coordinating ACDs for distinct phloem cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SHR transcription factor movement and function in Arabidopsis root development.
  • Investigated gene activation pathways involving microRNA165/6, NAC-REGULATED SEED MORPHOLOGY 1 (NARS1), and SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN 2 (SND2).
  • Studied the positive feedforward loop between SHR, NARS1, and SND2 in phloem development.

Main Results:

  • SHR movement into the endodermis activates microRNA165/6, regulating CC formation ACD.
  • SHR movement into the phloem sequentially activates NARS1 and SND2, forming a positive feedforward loop for SE formation ACD.
  • NARS1, produced in CCs, signals to the meristem to drive SE formation ACD, with SND2 amplifying this signal.

Conclusions:

  • A novel regulatory mechanism coordinated by SHR governs Arabidopsis root phloem development.
  • This mechanism involves distinct SHR actions in the endodermis and phloem, coupled with a feedforward loop involving NARS1 and SND2.
  • The findings expand understanding of sophisticated vascular tissue patterning during postembryonic root growth.