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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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The addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via an anti-Markovnikov pathway and yields alkyl bromides.
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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Reactant friendly hydrogen evolution interface based on di-anionic MoS2 surface.

Zhaoyan Luo1,2, Hao Zhang3, Yuqi Yang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.

Nature Communications
|March 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered a novel molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) surface with hydroxyl groups to attract reactants, significantly boosting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. This di-anionic surface achieves unprecedented low overpotential and high intrinsic activity.

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Optimizing reaction interfaces is crucial for advancing electro-catalysis, particularly the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • Precise molecular-level surface manipulation for enhanced reactant attraction remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) surface with enhanced reactant attraction capabilities.
  • To improve the kinetic performance of electro-catalysis, specifically for HER.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled molecular substitution of sulfur sites in MoS2 with hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
  • Formation of a di-anionic MoS2 surface with integrated active sites and reactant-dragging functionalities.
  • Utilizing heteroatom metal doping to activate sulfur sites.

Main Results:

  • The -OH groups facilitate strong non-covalent hydrogen bonding, effectively attracting hydronium ions and water to the interface.
  • The engineered MoS2 surface achieved the lowest overpotential and highest intrinsic activity reported for MoS2-based catalysts.
  • Demonstrated a di-functional interface combining active sites and reactant-dragging capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed di-anionic MoS2 surface with -OH functionalization is highly effective for boosting electro-catalytic kinetic performance.
  • This approach offers a new strategy for designing advanced interfaces in electro-catalysis.
  • The study highlights the potential of molecular-level surface engineering for catalyst design.