Charcoal-based mouthwashes: a literature review

Area of Science:

• Oral hygiene and dentistry
• Material science in dental products

Background:

• A surge in over-the-counter (OTC) charcoal mouthwashes presents numerous therapeutic and cosmetic claims.
• The efficacy and safety of these products remain largely unverified by clinical or laboratory evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of charcoal mouthwashes.
• To analyze the active ingredients present in commercially available charcoal mouthwash formulations.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of clinical and laboratory studies.
• Analysis of product labels and ingredient information for 36 charcoal mouthwash brands.

Main Results:

• Only 8% of reviewed charcoal mouthwashes contained recognized active ingredients (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine).
• Insufficient evidence was found to support marketing claims related to antimicrobial activity, anti-halitosis, tooth whitening, periodontal health, caries control, or remineralization.
• Data regarding charcoal particle size and abrasivity was notably absent.

Conclusions:

• Current evidence does not substantiate the therapeutic or cosmetic claims associated with charcoal mouthwashes.
• Dental professionals should advise caution due to the lack of demonstrated effectiveness and safety data for OTC charcoal mouthwashes.