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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Alcohol use disorders and the brain.

Rahul Rao1,2, Anya Topiwala3

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, London, UK.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|March 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol use disorder increases dementia risk, but the exact link between alcohol consumption and cognitive decline is still being studied. Research explores acute and chronic alcohol-related brain conditions and potential treatments.

Keywords:
AlcoholKorsakoff's syndromeWernicke's encephalopathydementia: brainhepatic encephalopathythiamine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is linked to increased dementia risk.
  • The dose-response relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive impairment requires further clarification.
  • Alcohol affects the central nervous system, causing acute and chronic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment.
  • To outline acute and chronic alcohol-related neurological disorders.
  • To discuss current and potential treatment strategies for alcohol-related cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on alcohol consumption and cognitive function.
  • Analysis of neurological effects of alcohol at various doses.
  • Examination of evidence for treatments of alcohol-related brain conditions.

Main Results:

  • Acute alcohol-related disorders include Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and stroke.
  • Chronic alcohol consumption commonly leads to Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD).
  • High-dose parenteral thiamine shows promise for WE, while memantine has limited evidence for ARD.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol use disorder poses a significant risk for dementia.
  • Effective management of alcohol-related cognitive impairment requires addressing physical and psychosocial factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the dose-response relationship and optimize treatments for ARD and related conditions.