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Probabilistic inversion for submerged source depth and strength from infrasound observations.

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Estimating underwater source depth is challenging without local seismic data. Long-range infrasound analysis effectively determines source depth and strength, even with atmospheric variations.

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Area of Science:

  • Seismology
  • Acoustics
  • Atmospheric science

Background:

  • Estimating near-surface seismic source depth is difficult without local seismic stations, leading to depth-yield trade-offs and uncertainties.
  • Long-range infrasound propagation is sensitive to underwater or underground source depth and strength, offering a potential solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using infrasound-based inversion to determine submerged source parameters.
  • To assess the impact of various factors, including station number, signal frequency band, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and atmospheric uncertainties, on inversion accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • A Bayesian inversion scheme was employed to estimate source parameters.
  • The study tested variations in the number of infrasound stations, signal frequency bands, and SNR.
  • Realistic perturbed atmospheric profiles were used to evaluate atmospheric uncertainties' effects on inversion results.

Main Results:

  • Long-range infrasound signals successfully estimate underwater source depth and strength.
  • Broadband signals are crucial for accurate parameter estimation, while SNR plays a secondary role.
  • While multiple stations improve performance, their positioning introduces up to 50% uncertainty in source strength estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Infrasound inversion is a viable method for determining underwater source depth and strength.
  • Accurate depth estimation (within 10%) is achievable regardless of station configuration and SNR.
  • Atmospheric uncertainties have a limited impact on the overall accuracy of depth estimation.