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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.0K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
6.1K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.1K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
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A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

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Activated diffusiophoresis.

Christian M Rohwer1, Mehran Kardar2, Matthias Krüger3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|March 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local fluid perturbations create diffusiophoresis, enabling controlled particle motion and work extraction. This study explores novel applications in active and passive matter systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Fluid dynamics and non-equilibrium systems can induce particle motion.
  • Diffusiophoresis describes particle movement driven by solute gradients.
  • Local, time-dependent fluid perturbations are key to novel phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate diffusiophoretic phenomena arising from local fluid perturbations.
  • To analyze particle motion and work extraction in activated fluids.
  • To explore controlled particle conveyance using time-dependent fluid profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical treatment of conserved fluid density.
  • Study of diffusive perturbation propagation.
  • Analysis within a two-parallel-wall confinement geometry.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of large-distance diffusiophoretic effects from local activations.
  • Investigation into extracting work from inclusions moving in activated fluids.
  • Establishment of controlled, stable particle trajectories using time-dependent density profiles.
  • Inability to stabilize particle positions in steady-state density profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Local fluid activations can induce controllable diffusiophoresis.
  • Time-dependent density profiles offer stable particle manipulation, distinct from thermophoresis.
  • Findings have broad applicability in experimental soft matter and tracer particle systems.