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Recent advances in the diagnosis of leptospirosis
Vivek Verma1, Mehendi Goyal1, Deepak Kala2
1Shoolini University, Solan- 173229, India.
Abstract:
Leptospirosis can be found in virtually all tropical and temperate areas of the world and is presumed to be the widely spread zoonotic infection in the world. Because of the variety of clinical symptoms seen in the symptomatic cases, leptospirosis at its onset is often misdiagnosed as aseptic meningitis, influenza, hepatic disease or fever (pyrexia) of unknown origin. The disease has been widely spread, ranging from subclinical infection to a severe syndrome of multiorgan infection with high mortality. It is an occupational hazard for people who work outdoors or with animals, such as rice and sugar-cane field workers, farmers, sewer workers, veterinarians, dairy workers, and military personnel. Various diagnostic methods have been developed for the diagnosis of leptospirosis that includes direct examination; serology and molecular based techniques, but have various shortcomings, so there is a need to develop an effective surveillance system to monitor the trends of disease to control this life-threatening zoonosis. Now a day's biosensor based technology becomes an excellent platform in the field of diagnostics due to their better sensitivity and specificity. So different types of biosensors such as enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensor, DNA biosensors, thermal and piezoelectric biosensors have been discussed here to highlight their indispensable applications in different fields. In this review, we will examine the current utilization of functionalized detection methods with other synthetic mixes for the development of biosensor prompting to the location of particular analytes with low discovery cut-off and quick reaction.
Insights
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease often misdiagnosed due to varied symptoms. Biosensor technology offers a promising solution for sensitive and specific leptospirosis detection, improving disease surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Zoonotic diseases
- Infectious disease epidemiology
- Biomedical diagnostics
Background:
- Leptospirosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic infection with diverse clinical presentations, often leading to misdiagnosis.
- It poses an occupational hazard to individuals working outdoors or with animals, ranging from mild to severe, fatal outcomes.
- Current diagnostic methods for leptospirosis have limitations, highlighting the need for improved surveillance systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current diagnostic methods for leptospirosis.
- To explore the potential of biosensor technology for leptospirosis detection.
- To emphasize the need for effective surveillance systems to control this zoonosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on leptospirosis diagnosis.
- Discussion of various biosensor types including enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors.
- Examination of functionalized detection methods and synthetic mixes for biosensor development.
Main Results:
- Biosensor technology presents an excellent platform for diagnostics due to enhanced sensitivity and specificity.
- Various biosensor types show indispensable applications in detecting specific analytes with low detection limits and rapid response.
- Functionalized detection methods integrated with synthetic mixes are crucial for advanced biosensor development.
Conclusions:
- Biosensors offer a highly sensitive and specific approach for leptospirosis diagnosis.
- Development of effective biosensor-based surveillance systems is crucial for controlling leptospirosis.
- Further research into functionalized detection methods will advance biosensor capabilities for this zoonotic disease.
