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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Classical methods and perspectives for manipulating the human gut microbial ecosystem.

Jorge Armando Jiménez-Avalos1, Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni1, Lorena González-López2

  • 1Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|March 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining a healthy Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem (HGME) is vital for overall health. New strategies like engineered nanomaterials and phage therapy offer advanced ways to manage gut microbiota (GM) beyond traditional methods.

Keywords:
Dysbiosiseubiosisgut microbiotamicrobiota modulationnanotechnology engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • A balanced Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem (HGME) is crucial for systemic health.
  • Gut microbial dysbiosis is linked to various disorders including obesity, IBD, and depression.
  • Traditional methods like diet, probiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) modulate gut microbiota (GM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging strategies for manipulating HGME.
  • To analyze the implications, pros, and cons of novel GM modulation approaches.
  • To discuss future perspectives in controlling gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on advanced HGME modulation techniques.
  • Analysis of engineered nanomaterials (nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes).
  • Evaluation of phage therapy (CRISPR/Cas9-linked phages), antimicrobial peptides, and other novel agents.

Main Results:

  • Engineered nanomaterials offer targeted GM modulation.
  • Phage therapy presents a precise approach to control specific bacterial populations.
  • Novel strategies show promise in overcoming limitations of classic methods.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced strategies like nanomaterials and phage therapy are emerging for precise HGME control.
  • These novel methods offer potential advantages over traditional GM modulation techniques.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of these emergent strategies.