Bridging the gap between theory and practice in elucidating modular gene regulatory sequence organisation within...

Changes to promoter regions probably have been responsible for many morphological evolutionary transitions, especially in animals. This idea is becoming testable, as data from genome projects amass and enable bioinformaticians to conduct comparative sequence analyses and test for correlations between genotypic similarities or differences and phenotypic likeness or disparity. Although such practical pursuits have initiated some theoretical considerations, a conceptual framework for understanding promoter region evolution, potentially effecting morphological evolution, is only starting to emerge, predominantly resulting from computational research. We contribute to this framework by specifying three big problems for promoter region research; reviewing computational research on promoter region evolution; and exemplifying a topic for future promoter region research - module evolution.