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Older and more mindful? Age differences in mindfulness components and well-being
1College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Aging & Mental Health
|March 3, 2020
Summary
Mindfulness components like present-moment attention and nonjudgment become increasingly vital for well-being in older adults. These traits, along with decentering, support flexible goal adjustment across the lifespan, especially after age 40.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Gerontology
Background:
- Empirical research on mindfulness's impact on well-being is emerging.
- Few studies explore mindfulness's effects on psychological functioning across the lifespan.
- A lifespan perspective is needed to understand mindfulness and well-being dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how age moderates the relationship between mindfulness components and well-being.
- To examine a proposed model of mindfulness's influence on psychological functioning.
- To understand the role of age in mindfulness-related well-being.
Main Methods:
- A community sample of 623 adults (18–86 years) was recruited online.
- Participants completed questionnaires on mindfulness (present-moment attention, nonjudgment, interoception, acceptance, nonattachment, decentering), flexible goal adjustment, and well-being.
- Statistical analyses included parallel mediation and conditional process analyses.
Main Results:
- Present-moment attention and nonjudgment influenced flexible goal adjustment and well-being through acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering.
- Mindfulness components were positively associated with age.
- The positive associations between mindfulness, well-being, and flexible goal adjustment strengthened with age, becoming significant around 40 years old.
Conclusions:
- Present-moment attention and nonjudgment are particularly crucial for well-being in older adults.
- Appreciating the transient nature of experiences aids flexible goal adjustment in the second half of life.
- Mindfulness interventions may be tailored to support well-being across the adult lifespan.
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