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Novel insights into the emerging roles of tRNA-derived fragments in mammalian development

Nicola Guzzi¹, Cristian Bellodi¹

¹Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University , Lund, Sweden.

|March 3, 2020

Abstract:

ABTRACT tRNA-derived fragments or tRFs were long considered merely degradation intermediates of full-length tRNAs; however, emerging research is highlighting unanticipated new and highly distinct functions in epigenetic control, metabolism, immune activity and stem cell fate commitment. Importantly, recent studies suggest that RNA epitranscriptomic modifications may provide an additional regulatory layer that dynamically directs tRF activity in stem and cancer cells. In this review, we explore current work illustrating unanticipated roles of tRFs in mammalian stem cells with a focus on the impact of post-transcriptional RNA modifications for the biogenesis and function of this growing class of small noncoding RNAs.

Keywords:

5-methylcytosine RNA epitranscriptomics RNA modifications development hematopoiesis pseudouridine stem cells tRNA fragments translation control

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