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Anatomical Positions01:11

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
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The effect of tablet use on trunk posture while sitting.

Sangeun Jin1, Jaehyuk Kim1, Daemin Kim2

  • 1Department of Industrial Engineering, The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.

Work (Reading, Mass.)
|March 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tablet use increases office work strain. This study found using a tablet significantly reduced lumbar and trunk flexion but increased head flexion, with leg posture affecting these biomechanical responses.

Keywords:
Lumbar flexionhead flexionsitting posturetrunk inclination

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Ergonomics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Tablet use is prevalent in office environments.
  • The biomechanical effects of tablet use across different sitting postures are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess trunk kinematics during tablet use under varying lower extremity postures.
  • To compare biomechanical responses between tablet use and a control (empty hand) condition.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen participants used a tablet in three leg positions (raised, neutral, lowered).
  • Trunk kinematics (head flexion, lumbar flexion, trunk inclination) were measured using electrical goniometers.
  • Data was compared between tablet use and a bare hand control condition.

Main Results:

  • Tablet use significantly decreased lumbar flexion (12.8%) and trunk inclination (28.0%) but increased head flexion (90.8%) compared to the empty hand.
  • In the raised leg condition, head flexion was reduced, but trunk and lumbar flexion increased.
  • Leg posture significantly influenced head and trunk flexion during tablet use.

Conclusions:

  • Lower extremity posture critically alters how individuals interact with tablets.
  • Neutral and lowered leg positions necessitate greater head flexion.
  • The raised leg position requires more trunk and lumbar flexion for tablet interaction.