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Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Model of Epileptogenesis in Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures
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Complement System in Brain Architecture and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Juliana Magdalon1,2, Fernanda Mansur1, André Luiz Teles E Silva1,3

  • 1Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|March 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system influences brain development and is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia. Further research is needed to clarify its precise role and mechanisms in these conditions.

Keywords:
complement systemneural progenitor proliferationneurodevelopmental disordersneurogenesisneuronal migrationsynapse refinement

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The complement system, a part of innate immunity, plays a direct role in neurodevelopmental processes.
  • Dysfunction in complement regulation is increasingly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and Rett syndrome.
  • Pathogenic mutations in complement components are implicated in rare genetic disorders like 3MC syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the complement system in normal brain development.
  • To examine the complement system's involvement in brain development following inflammatory insults like maternal immune activation (MIA).
  • To evaluate the evidence linking aberrant complement activity to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence on complement system function in neurodevelopment.
  • Analysis of studies investigating complement's role in response to prenatal and early postnatal insults.
  • Evaluation of research on the association between complement system dysfunction and specific neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Results:

  • The complement system is integral to neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and synaptic remodeling.
  • Evidence suggests complement system dysfunction contributes to schizophrenia, ASD, and Rett syndrome, though mechanistic links vary by disorder.
  • The extent to which inflammation-independent or -dependent mechanisms mediate complement's role in these disorders remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is a critical modulator of brain development and function.
  • Aberrant complement activity is implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying complement's involvement in brain development and disease.