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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
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Predicting Microbiome Function Across Space Is Confounded by Strain-Level Differences and Functional Redundancy

Elle M Barnes1,2, Erin L Carter2, J D Lewis1,2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|March 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Amphibian skin microbiome composition changes with land use, but key disease-inhibiting functions remain stable. This suggests functional redundancy in amphibian skin bacteria is crucial for disease resistance.

Keywords:
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisdiseasefunctional redundancymicrobiomespatial variationurbanization

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Amphibian Biology

Background:

  • Microbiome variation influences host susceptibility to disease.
  • Predicting microbiome function is challenging due to spatial and temporal diversity.
  • Amphibian die-offs linked to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) highlight the need to understand host-microbe interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how land use change affects the cutaneous bacterial communities of Plethodon cinereus.
  • To determine if changes in skin microbiome composition correlate with altered Bd-inhibitory function.
  • To assess the functional redundancy of Bd-inhibiting traits within amphibian microbiomes.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and sequencing of cutaneous bacterial communities from Plethodon cinereus.
  • Assaying bacterial communities along a land use change gradient.
  • Evaluating Bd-inhibitory function of the identified bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous bacterial community composition, but not diversity, varied with land use.
  • No significant change in Bd-inhibitory function was observed despite shifts in community composition.
  • Bd-inhibition was identified as a functionally redundant trait, with inhibition levels varying across phylogenetic, spatial, and temporal scales.

Conclusions:

  • Land use impacts amphibian skin microbiome composition, but functional traits like Bd-inhibition may be resilient.
  • Functional redundancy in the amphibian microbiome is critical for maintaining disease resistance.
  • Further research on amphibian microbial communities across environmental gradients is essential for understanding disease dynamics.