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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
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Non-coding RNAs Shaping Muscle.

Julie Martone1, Davide Mariani2, Fabio Desideri1

  • 1Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|March 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), like long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate gene expression and are crucial for muscle formation. Their dysregulation is linked to muscle disorders.

Keywords:
Piwi-interacting RNAscircRNAscircular RNAslncRNAslong non-coding RNAsmyogenesisnon-coding RNAstransfer RNA-derived fragments

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were initially overlooked but are now recognized for critical roles in gene regulation.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit cell-type specificity and are vital for tissue homeostasis.
  • Recent discoveries highlight the extensive involvement of ncRNAs in complex biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the mechanisms of lncRNAs and circRNAs in skeletal and cardiac muscle formation.
  • To discuss technological advancements in the genome-wide identification and study of ncRNAs.
  • To explore the roles of Piwi-interacting RNAs and tRNA-derived fragments in myogenesis and muscle disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies on ncRNA function in muscle development.
  • Discussion of technological innovations for ncRNA research.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs and circRNAs are key regulators of gene expression in muscle development.
  • These ncRNAs are highly specific to cell types, contributing to precise gene tuning.
  • Technological advancements have enabled large-scale identification and functional studies of ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs, including lncRNAs and circRNAs, are essential for myogenesis and maintaining muscle homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is implicated in various muscle disorders, such as myopathies and rhabdomyosarcoma.
  • Further research into ncRNAs and associated technologies promises deeper insights into muscle biology and disease.