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Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation

, Douglas K Owens1,2, Karina W Davidson3

  • 1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.

JAMA
|March 3, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening is recommended for adults aged 18 to 79. This screening offers substantial benefits for public health by detecting this common blood-borne pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant public health concern in the US, being the most common chronic blood-borne pathogen.
  • HCV infection leads to chronic liver disease and is associated with a high mortality rate, exceeding that of many other infectious diseases combined.
  • Recent years have seen a 3.8-fold increase in acute HCV infections, primarily due to rising injection drug use and enhanced surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated evidence-based recommendation on screening for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
  • The review focused on screening adolescents and adults to inform the USPSTF's 2013 recommendation.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of existing evidence on HCV screening was commissioned by the USPSTF.
  • The study focused on the efficacy and benefits of screening in the general adult population.

Main Results:

  • Screening for HCV infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years demonstrates a substantial net benefit.
  • The USPSTF's evidence assessment concluded with moderate certainty regarding the benefits of screening.

Conclusions:

  • The USPSTF recommends HCV infection screening for all adults aged 18 to 79 years.
  • This recommendation is classified as a 'B recommendation', indicating a high degree of certainty regarding the benefits.
Abstract

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