What can we learn from adult cochlear implant recipients with single-sided deafness who became elective non-users?

Objective: This retrospective study investigates the incidence of elective cochlear implant (CI) non-use amongst a cohort of adult CI recipients with single-sided deafness (SSD), identifies the causes that led to non-use, and assesses how non-use could be prevented. Methods: All adults with SSD who received a CI between 2008 and 2018 and who became elective CI non-users were included. Elective non-users were defined as CI recipients who decided to stop using their CI or, if explantation was necessary, refused reimplantation. Results: 5/114 (4.4%) adults with SSD who received a CI became elective non-users. The 5 non-users were a mean 44.2 years old (range 33-70 years) at implantation, had a mean duration of deafness of 7.1 years (range 0.5-20 years) at implantation, and used their CI for a mean 11.5 months (range 1.5-60 months) before (fully) discontinuing use. The primary cause of elective non-use was postoperative discouragement due to unrealistic expectations (4 participants) regarding sound perception with the CI or about the greater than expected level of commitment necessary for rehabilitation. Conclusions: Elective non-use among adult CI recipients with single-sided deafness was very rare and could be further prevented by comprehensive counselling to ensure that candidates have realistic expectations about the rehabilitation requirements and the outcomes with the CI.