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Cortical topological network changes following optic neuritis.

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Graph theory analysis reveals distinct visual network changes in optic neuritis (ON) patients. Disease type, like neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) versus clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), influences network efficiency and modularity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Optic neuritis (ON) can arise from various inflammatory conditions, leading to visual pathway damage.
  • Understanding the topological changes in visual cortical networks is crucial for differentiating disease impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and differentiate visual cortical network topology changes in patients with ON from different inflammatory diseases.
  • To investigate how graph theory metrics can distinguish between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with ON.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 62 patients (NMOSD-ON, CIS-ON, other CIS) and 26 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Resting-state functional MRI data analyzed using graph theory metrics (degree, density, modularity, efficiency) on 50 visual regions of interest.

Main Results:

  • All patient groups showed decreased visual network density compared to controls.
  • ON groups (CIS and NMOSD) exhibited higher connection degrees, particularly in dorsal-lateral regions.
  • Information transfer efficiency and modularity were reduced in CIS groups but not NMOSD compared to HCs.

Conclusions:

  • Visual network density is affected by ON, with dorsal-lateral connectivity changes.
  • Network efficiency and modularity correlate with specific disease types (CIS vs. NMOSD).
  • Cortical activity patterns should be considered in patient outcomes, even with localized ON.