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Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
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Microbial evolutionary strategies in a dynamic ocean.

Nathan G Walworth1, Emily J Zakem1, John P Dunne2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 91011.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Marine microbes adapt to changing oceans through evolutionary trade-offs. Faster cell division aids genetic adaptation, while variable environments favor strategies balancing short-term responses with long-term genetic changes.

Keywords:
adaptation timescalesadvectionevolutionfluctuating environmentmarine microbes

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbial ecology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Marine microbes are crucial for ocean food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
  • Understanding microbial adaptation to changing ocean conditions is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between physical and biological timescales in microbial adaptation.
  • Determine how environmental variability influences microbial evolutionary strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a model of adaptation coupled with an eddy-resolving ocean circulation climate model.
  • Analyzed the ratio of physical to biological timescales to predict adaptation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Identified two criteria linking adaptation timing and nature to physical-biological timescale ratios.
  • Found genetic adaptation is hindered by nongenetic modifications in variable regimes but enhanced in stable environments.
  • Revealed an evolutionary trade-off: low-gamma strategy allows rapid environmental response but delays genetic adaptation; high-gamma strategy allows faster genetic adaptation but slower short-term responses.

Conclusions:

  • Selective pressures on marine microbes vary with generation timescales, favoring different evolutionary strategies.
  • Organisms in variable environments should adopt a low-gamma strategy; faster cell division is key for genetic adaptation in a changing ocean.
  • Quantifying the interplay between evolutionary and physical timescales is vital for predicting future marine microbial dynamics.