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Initial decrease in the ambient dose equivalent rate after the Fukushima accident and its difference from Chernobyl.

Kazuya Yoshimura1, Jun Saegusa2, Yukihisa Sanada3

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The initial decrease in radiation dose rates after the Fukushima nuclear accident slowed over time. Radiation decreased faster in urban areas than in fields, suggesting less radiocesium migration compared to Chernobyl.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental radioactivity
  • Radiation protection
  • Nuclear accident studies

Background:

  • The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011 released significant amounts of radioactive materials.
  • Assessing the long-term environmental impact and external dose rates is crucial for public health and safety.
  • Understanding the factors influencing the decrease of ambient dose equivalent rates is essential for accurate dose estimations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the initial decrease in ambient dose equivalent rate (dH*(10) dt-1) following the Fukushima nuclear accident.
  • To investigate the influence of surface characteristics and land use on the rate of radiation decrease.
  • To compare radiocesium migration in Fukushima with that observed after the Chernobyl accident.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized monitoring data of ambient dose equivalent rate (dH*(10) dt-1) from March 16, 2011.
  • Normalized dH*(10) dt-1 by 137Cs activity per unit area (norm-dH*(10) dt-1) for site-independent analysis.
  • Modeled the decrease using two exponential functions and compared with simulation data from Chernobyl.

Main Results:

  • The normalized ambient dose equivalent rate (norm-dH*(10) dt-1) exhibited a rapid initial decrease followed by a slower decline.
  • Areas with paved surfaces and buildings showed a faster decrease in norm-dH*(10) dt-1 compared to unpaved fields.
  • The rate of decrease in Fukushima was slower than simulated for Chernobyl, indicating less radiocesium migration.

Conclusions:

  • The decrease in ambient dose equivalent rate is influenced by surface characteristics and land use.
  • Radiocesium migration in Fukushima appears to be less significant than in Europe post-Chernobyl.
  • Regional variations in the dose rate decrease introduce uncertainty in external dose estimations.