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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
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Bioinformatics for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Christoph Holtsträter1, Barbara Schrörs1, Thomas Bukur1

  • 1TRON-Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz gemeinnützige GmbH, Freiligrathstraße, Mainz, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized mutanome vaccines leverage next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics to identify cancer neoantigens. This enables the rational design of custom immunotherapies targeting individual tumor mutations for enhanced immune response.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsCancerImmunotherapyMutationT cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The immune system recognizes foreign and cancer-specific antigens, including neoepitopes from somatic mutations.
  • Neoepitopes presented by HLA molecules can be recognized by T cells, forming the basis for cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the bioinformatics aspects in designing personalized neoantigen-based vaccines.
  • To highlight the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and computational tools in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of individual cancer-specific tumor mutations using NGS.
  • Prediction of potential neoepitopes from detected mutations.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing for biomarker research.
  • Quantification of immune cell infiltration in cancer samples.

Main Results:

  • NGS and bioinformatics tools enable large-scale analysis for personalized vaccine design.
  • Methods for mutation detection, neoepitope prediction, and TCR analysis are crucial.
  • Quantifying immune cell infiltration aids in understanding treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized mutanome vaccines represent a customized immunotherapy approach.
  • Bioinformatics is integral to the entire process, from mutation detection to vaccine design and biomarker analysis.
  • This approach holds promise for effective cancer treatment by harnessing the patient's immune system.