Pregnancy, complicated by preeclampsia: fetoplacental complex immune deadaptation and histostructural features

The aim: to study and compare the features of the interleukins levels and morphological changes of placenta at various stages of preeclampsia.

Materials and methods: 109 pregnant women with preeclampsia of varying severity (study group) and 30 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancy (control group) were examined. Immunohistochemical method, proinflammatory interleukins levels, morphological and morphometric analysis of peripheral and central placental areas biopsies on the optical and electron-microscopic level have been used.

Results: Morphofunctional changes in the placenta in case of preeclampsia and the increase in the expression level of the transforming growth factor have a series of regular stages from the formation, strain and disruption of adaptive mechanisms with more pronounced signs of morphological immaturity of parenchymal and stromal elements of the placenta, especially in the area of syncytiotrophoblast and spiral vessels. The degree of clinical manifestation of preeclampsia has a correlation relationship with IL-10 deficiency and with the increase in TNF-α, stimulation of macrophage-protein production that contributes to the change in the ratio of Thl / Th2, which are antagonists and inhibit each other's development.

Conclusions: The severity of the preeclampsia course correlates with the state of morphofunctional changes in the placenta and changes in the ratio of the pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins.