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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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T1ρ magnetic resonance fingerprinting.

Cory R Wyatt1,2, Thomas M Barbara1, Alexander R Guimaraes1,2

  • 1Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|March 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study integrates T1ρ relaxation into magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), enabling simultaneous quantitative mapping of T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times. This advanced MRF technique improves tissue quantification and reduces motion artifacts in abdominal imaging.

Keywords:
bodyquantitationrelaxometrysampling strategies

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Quantitative MRI
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • T1ρ relaxation imaging assesses various conditions like fibrosis and tumors.
  • T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times offer multi-parametric tissue quantification.
  • Traditional Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) maps T1 and T2 efficiently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To incorporate T1ρ relaxation into the MRF framework.
  • To develop a multi-parametric MRF technique for simultaneous T1, T2, and T1ρ mapping.
  • To validate the new MRF sequence against conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • An MRF sequence with T1ρ spin lock preparations was designed.
  • The sequence varied TR, flip angle, and T1ρ/T2 preparations.
  • Calibration was performed using agar phantoms and volunteer abdominal scans.

Main Results:

  • High intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC > 0.9) were observed between MRF and conventional methods in phantoms.
  • Strong correlations (ICC > 0.8) were found in healthy volunteers.
  • T1 showed the highest correlation, followed by T1ρ, then T2.

Conclusions:

  • T1ρ relaxation is successfully integrated into the MRF framework.
  • This multi-parametric MRF approach allows simultaneous T1, T2, and T1ρ quantification.
  • Acquisition within a single breath-hold minimizes motion artifacts in abdominal imaging.