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Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape
Ivan Dimauro1, Maria Paola Paronetto2, Daniela Caporossi1
1Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
Physical exercise influences gene expression via epigenetics. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), once seen as damaging, are now known to mediate these exercise-induced epigenetic changes, impacting cellular adaptations.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Epigenetics
- Redox biology
Background:
- Physical exercise induces significant functional and structural changes in biological systems.
- Exercise modulates gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs.
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play crucial signaling roles during exercise.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenomic landscape.
- To explore how exercise-related redox modifications impact gene expression and cellular adaptations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on exercise, epigenetics, and redox signaling.
- Analysis of existing evidence on ROS/RNS involvement in epigenetic modifications during physical activity.
Main Results:
- Exercise-induced ROS and RNS are recognized as key mediators of epigenetic regulation.
- While the impact of exercise on gene expression via epigenetics is established, the specific role of redox signaling in this process is an emerging area of research.
Conclusions:
- ROS and RNS are critical in mediating exercise-induced epigenetic adaptations.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between redox signaling and the epigenome in response to physical activity.
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