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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Tumefactive Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.

Michael G Z Ghali¹

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, USA.

Neurology India

|March 5, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tumefactive demyelination in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) mimics tumors. Distinguishing tumefactive ADEM from multiple sclerosis and neoplasms relies on clinical history, imaging, and biopsy for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis demyelination differential multiple sclerosis tumefactive

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuropathology
Radiology

Background:

Tumefactive demyelination presents as central nervous system lesions resembling neoplasms radiographically.
While known in multiple sclerosis, tumefactive demyelination is increasingly reported in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

Purpose of the Study:

To review literature on tumefactive ADEM.
To discuss clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features differentiating tumefactive ADEM from other conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of tumefactive ADEM cases.
Analysis of clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and histopathologic findings.
Comparison with neoplastic disease and multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

Clinical and radiological data alone can be challenging for diagnosing tumefactive ADEM.
Biopsy is definitive: ADEM shows perivenular demyelination and mononuclear infiltration; multiple sclerosis shows confluent plaques.
Neoplastic disease exhibits nuclear atypia, hyperproliferation, necrosis, and vascular changes.

Conclusions:

Tumefactive ADEM requires careful differentiation from neoplasms and multiple sclerosis.
Histopathology is crucial for definitive diagnosis.
ADEM responds well to corticosteroids and is typically monophasic.