Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Relationships between sequential MRI in the neonatal period and early motor repertoire in very preterm infants.

Early human development·2026

Same author

Feasibility of the Baby Moves app for remote General Movements Assessment: a prospective observational cohort study in an Italian infant population.

BMJ paediatrics open·2026

Same author

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an infant preemptive intervention for prodromes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) delivered within an Italian tertiary hospital.

Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry·2026

Same author

Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Early and Term MRI in Preterm Infants: a Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic review and Bayesian Meta-analysis.

Neonatology·2026

Same author

Spontaneous movements of preterm-born infants predict social competence and self-esteem at early school age: The mediating role of motor skills and maternal emotional availability.

Developmental psychology·2026

Same author

Beyond "low tone". What do the General Movements Assessment and Motor Optimality Score tell us about infants with developmental central hypotonia? A scoping review.

Early human development·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

The Structure of Skilled Forelimb Reaching in the Rat: A Movement Rating Scale

The Structure of Skilled Forelimb Reaching in the Rat: A Movement Rating Scale

Published on: August 8, 2008

Psychometric Properties of the General Movement Optimality Score using Rasch Measurement.

Vanessa Maziero Barbosa¹, Everett V Smith, Arend Bos

¹Vanessa Maziero Barbosa, University of Illinois at Chicago, UI Health, Occupational and Physical Therapy Department, 1740 W. Taylor St., Suite C-100, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, vbarbo1@uic.edu.

Journal of Applied Measurement

|March 5, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The General Movements Optimality Score (GMOS) demonstrates strong psychometric properties, effectively distinguishing infants

More Related Videos

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke

Published on: January 7, 2019

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

The Structure of Skilled Forelimb Reaching in the Rat: A Movement Rating Scale

The Structure of Skilled Forelimb Reaching in the Rat: A Movement Rating Scale

Published on: August 8, 2008

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke

Published on: January 7, 2019

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Developmental Pediatrics
Movement Science
Psychometrics

Background:

The General Movements Optimality Score (GMOS) is a tool used to assess motor development in infants.
Understanding the psychometric properties of assessment tools is crucial for accurate diagnosis and intervention.
Rasch measurement models provide a robust framework for evaluating psychometric properties like dimensionality and item functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the GMOS using Rasch measurement.
To examine the dimensionality, rating scale functioning, and item hierarchies of the GMOS.
To determine if the GMOS can reliably measure the quality of infant movements.

Main Methods:

Secondary data analysis of GMOS data from 383 infants.
Application of unidimensional, multidimensional, and mixed Rasch partial credit models.
Scoring based on global General Movement Assessment categories and detailed item analysis of 21 movement components.

Main Results:

The GMOS data best fit a unidimensional mixed Rasch model with three distinct infant classes.
Nineteen out of 21 items demonstrated good rating scale functioning.
Item difficulty hierarchies varied across infant classes, with no significant floor effects or gaps.

Conclusions:

The GMOS exhibits strong psychometric properties for differentiating infants based on functional motor performance.
The GMOS provides a quantitative measure of movement quality.
The GMOS can be confidently utilized for early diagnosis, grading motor performance, and studying developmental trajectories.