Best Practice Guidelines: Imaging Surveillance After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

OBJECTIVE. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the preferred treatment modality. Surveillance imaging after EVAR detects potential complications. The most common complication is endoleak, which can predispose the aorta to rupture. This article provides a comprehensive and evidence-based review regarding surveillance imaging after EVAR to help readers understand current societal guidelines, guide institutional protocols, and provide a framework to facilitate safe, cost-effective, and clinically relevant imaging of patients after EVAR. CONCLUSION. Lifelong surveillance is necessary for patients who have undergone EVAR. Triple-phase CT angiography (CTA) within 30 days after EVAR is necessary to triage patients appropriately and guide future imaging. Patients without endoleak on initial CTA can be monitored with annual duplex ultrasound. Patients with type I or type III endoleaks should be referred for intervention. Patients with type II and type V endoleaks should be referred for intervention only if the sac diameter grows by more than 1 cm. MR angiography should be used primarily as a problem-solving modality or in patients with contraindications to contrast media or radiation. Strong consideration should be given to more frequent surveillance in patients who have undergone EVAR who have aneurysms with a hostile neck anatomy compared with those patients with favorable neck anatomy.