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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Wnt Signaling: Paths for Cancer Progression.

Filipa Carreira-Barbosa1, Sofia C Nunes2,3

  • 1Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL-UL), Lisbon, Portugal.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wnt signaling pathways are crucial in embryonic development and cancer. This chapter explores their roles in cancer stemness, metabolism, tumor microenvironment, and treatment response, highlighting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CancerMetabolism reprogrammingResistanceStemnessTumor microenvironmentWnt

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Wnt signaling pathways are vital during embryonic development.
  • These pathways also play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the roles of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer.
  • To discuss Wnt signaling's impact on cancer stemness, metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment.
  • To examine Wnt signaling's influence on anti-cancer treatment response and therapeutic targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Wnt signaling in cancer.
  • Analysis of the involvement of Wnt pathways in key cancer hallmarks.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt signaling in oncology.

Main Results:

  • Wnt signaling pathways are implicated in maintaining cancer stemness.
  • These pathways contribute to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells.
  • Wnt signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment and influences treatment responses.

Conclusions:

  • Wnt signaling plays pivotal roles in multiple facets of cancer biology.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Wnt signaling in cancer.