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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Germline Features Associated with Immune Infiltration in Solid Tumors.

Sahar Shahamatdar¹, Meng Xiao He², Matthew A Reyna³

¹Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

|March 5, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Germline genetic variations influence the tumor microenvironment

Keywords:

SNPs cancer germline gwas immune immunotherapy somatic

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

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Published on: June 7, 2018

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Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Genomics
Immunology
Cancer Research

Background:

Tumor microenvironment immune composition impacts immunotherapy outcomes.
Germline features associated with cancer immune infiltrates are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between germline genetic variants and tumor immune phenotypes.
To identify inherited factors contributing to immune infiltration differences in cancer.

Main Methods:

Analysis of seven million autosomal germline variants in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort.
Testing for associations with immune-related phenotypes of the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

Identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linked to follicular helper T cell infiltration.
Discovered 23 candidate genes involved in cytokine signaling and cancer risk.
Found associations with DNA repair and transcription elongation pathways.
Observed a positive correlation between rheumatoid arthritis polygenic risk and CD8+ T cell infiltration.

Conclusions:

Multiple germline genetic features are associated with tumor-immune phenotypes.
A framework for studying inherited influences on immune infiltration has been developed.