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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
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Continuous Microevolution Accelerates Disease Progression during Sequential Episodes of Infection.

Alistair Harrison1, Rachael L Hardison1, Audra R Fullen1

  • 1Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

Cell Reports
|March 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent infections drive bacterial microevolution in otitis media (OM). Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) adapts by altering genes, forming biofilms, and creating intracellular reservoirs that cause recurring disease.

Keywords:
Haemophilushemoglobinintracellular bacterial communitieslipooligosaccharidemicroevolutionotitis mediapersistencerecurrence

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacterial Adaptation

Background:

  • Chronic and recurrent infections are characterized by bacterial adaptation to host environments.
  • Microevolution, driven by genetic mutations, provides a selective advantage to bacteria during persistent infections.
  • Recurrent otitis media (OM) is a common condition where bacterial adaptation may play a significant role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microevolution in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) during sequential episodes of otitis media (OM).
  • To identify specific genetic adaptations in NTHI that contribute to disease severity and recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pre-clinical model of otitis media (OM).
  • Performed whole genome sequencing on NTHI strains isolated from sequential infection episodes.
  • Analyzed bacterial adaptation by assessing biofilm formation, inflammation, fibrosis, and intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs).

Main Results:

  • Whole genome sequencing identified microevolution in NTHI genes related to hemoglobin binding and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis.
  • OM-adapted NTHI strains exhibited increased biofilm formation, inflammation, and stromal fibrosis.
  • A significant propensity for NTHI to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) was observed.
  • IBCs persisted for at least one month post-infection, suggesting an intracellular reservoir.

Conclusions:

  • Microevolution of specific genes in NTHI is critical for adaptation during recurrent otitis media.
  • Adapted NTHI strains promote pathological changes and establish intracellular reservoirs, facilitating disease recurrence.
  • Understanding these adaptive mechanisms can inform novel therapeutic strategies for otitis media.