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Biological Versus Chronological Aging: JACC Focus Seminar.

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Summary

Aging accelerates vascular disease, a leading cause of death. This review explores biological age biomarkers and interventions to prevent age-related vascular damage and improve health span.

Keywords:
antiaging therapybiological agebiological age biomarkerschronological agevascular disease

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Vascular Biology
  • Biomarkers of Aging
  • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Background:

  • Aging is the primary risk factor for vascular diseases, cardiovascular events, and cerebrovascular events, which are leading global causes of mortality.
  • An aging global population necessitates early identification of individuals at risk for accelerated vascular damage to enhance primary prevention strategies.
  • Understanding interindividual differences in age-dependent functional decline (biological aging) is crucial for developing interventions that extend health span and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on biological age biomarkers.
  • To discuss factors influencing biological aging.
  • To summarize anti-aging interventions, focusing on vascular aging and its cardiovascular manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental models and human studies.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on hallmark aging processes.
  • Focus on vascular aspects and cardiovascular disease manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Identified 9 interconnected hallmark processes driving mammalian aging.
  • Highlighted the importance of biological aging in functional decline.
  • Emphasized the link between aging, vascular damage, and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions:

  • Biological age biomarkers are essential for identifying individuals at high risk of accelerated vascular damage.
  • Understanding biological aging is key to developing effective anti-aging interventions.
  • Targeting vascular aspects of aging can reduce the impact of age-related cardiovascular disease.