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Rapid Auxin-Mediated Cell Expansion.

Minmin Du1, Edgar P Spalding2, William M Gray1

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA; email: dum@umn.edu, grayx051@umn.edu.

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|March 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) proteins regulate protein phosphatases to control H+-ATPase activity, advancing our understanding of auxin's role in plant cell expansion. This mechanism explains rapid auxin effects on growth.

Keywords:
PM H+-ATPaseSAUR-PP2C.Dacid growthauxincell expansionelongation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Auxin is a crucial plant hormone regulating shoot cell expansion, with its perception and signaling mechanisms largely understood.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms by which auxin controls cell expansion are still being defined.
  • The acid growth theory, involving plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation, remains relevant to auxin's growth-promoting effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the rapid effects of auxin on plant cell expansion.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking auxin signaling to H+-ATPase activation and cell growth.
  • To discuss the role of Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) proteins in mediating auxin's effects on cell expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on auxin signaling and plant cell expansion.
  • Focus on rapid auxin responses, H+-ATPase activity, and TIR1/AFB signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of SAUR protein function in regulating protein phosphatases and ion transporters.

Main Results:

  • A mechanistic framework has emerged where SAUR proteins regulate protein phosphatases to control H+-ATPase activity.
  • Rapid auxin effects on cell expansion are linked to H+-ATPase activation and other transporters.
  • TIR1/AFB signaling is crucial for mediating these auxin-induced growth responses.

Conclusions:

  • SAUR proteins represent a key link between auxin perception and the regulation of cell expansion.
  • While significant progress has been made, some rapid auxin effects, particularly on ion transport and root growth, require further investigation.
  • The integration of SAUR-mediated signaling with other auxin response pathways is essential for a comprehensive understanding of cell expansion control.