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Do Initial Symptom Factor Scores Predict Subsequent Impairment Following Concussion?

Paul E Cohen1, Alicia Sufrinko1, Robert J Elbin2

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Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
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Early concussion symptoms, particularly somatic ones, predict vestibular issues. Cognitive, migraine, fatigue, and affective symptoms predict overall symptom burden, not recovery time in young athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Concussion recovery can be complex and influenced by early symptom presentation.
  • Identifying predictive factors for post-concussion outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether symptom factors during the first week post-concussion predict neurocognitive impairment and recovery duration.
  • To examine the relationship between specific symptom clusters and subsequent vestibular/ocular motor and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective repeated measures study design.
  • Involved athletes aged 13-20 diagnosed with concussion within 7 days.
  • Assessed symptom factors at initial visit (1-7 days post-injury) and outcomes at second visit (2-4 weeks post-injury), including neurocognitive and vestibular/ocular motor assessments.

Main Results:

  • The somatic symptom factor at initial visit predicted vestibular/ocular screening abnormalities at the second visit.
  • Cognitive-migraine-fatigue and affective symptom factors predicted overall symptom burden at the second visit.
  • No symptom factor significantly predicted recovery time.

Conclusions:

  • Somatic symptoms in the first week post-concussion are linked to later vestibular dysfunction.
  • Early cognitive, migraine, fatigue, and affective symptoms predict ongoing symptom burden.
  • These findings highlight the importance of early symptom assessment for predicting concussion outcomes.