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Factors Associated With Self-Reported Concussion History in Middle School Athletes.

Douglas P Terry1,2,3,4, Magdalena Wojtowicz5, Nathan E Cook1,2,4

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
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Summary

Male middle school athletes with a history of migraine treatment reported more concussions. Age, ADHD, and learning disabilities were not associated with concussion history in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sports Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Concussion risk factors in children are not well understood.
  • Identifying characteristics associated with concussion is crucial for prevention.
  • Previous research has limited data on pediatric concussion history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between personal characteristics and concussion history in young athletes.
  • To examine the role of sex, neurodevelopmental disorders, and health history in self-reported concussions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 1744 twelve- and thirteen-year-old student athletes.
  • Participants completed preseason Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) including a concussion history questionnaire.
  • Independent variables included age, sex, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities (LDs), and migraine treatment history.

Main Results:

  • 13.7% of athletes reported a history of concussion.
  • Male sex (16.9%) and previous migraine treatment (31.9%) were significantly associated with higher concussion rates.
  • No significant associations were found between concussion history and age, ADHD, or LDs.

Conclusions:

  • Male sex and prior migraine treatment are independently associated with increased self-reported concussion history in middle school athletes.
  • Age, ADHD, and LDs were not found to be significant predictors of concussion history in this cohort.
  • Findings highlight specific demographic and health factors relevant to pediatric concussion risk.