Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.3K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.3K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

678
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
678
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.2K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.2K
Language Development01:22

Language Development

741
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
741
Schemata01:17

Schemata

281
A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
Two types of schemata are:
281
Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

9.8K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TNF-α blockers and demyelinating lesions in pediatric non-infectious uveitis: Insights from a real world cohort.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2026
Same author

Search for Light Pseudoscalar Bosons, Pair-Produced in Higgs Boson Decays in the Four-Electron Final State in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

First Evidence for Mixing-Induced CP Violation in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψϕ(1020) Decays in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Measurement of D^{0} Meson Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral Heavy Ion Collisions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Observation of tWZ Production at the CMS Experiment.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Turbulent flow in a vortex separator with a directed pipe inlet.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Systematic characteristic evaluation of clay-based cementitious material derived from calcium carbide residue and waste tile powder.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Retraction Note: Improvement of a rapid diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against avian influenza H7 subtype virus using Europium nanoparticles.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Applying large language models to spam detection in the Kazakh low-resource language setting.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An open-source 3D printing system enabling in-situ freeze-thaw processing of hydrogels.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An enhanced EfficientNet framework for automated waste classification using cosine annealing and label smoothing.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.3K

Humans Predict Action using Grammar-like Structures.

F Wörgötter1, F Ziaeetabar2, S Pfeiffer2

  • 1Universität Göttingen, Department for Computational Neuroscience at the Bernstein Center Göttingen, Inst. of Physics 3 and Leibniz Science Campus for Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany. worgott@gwdg.de.

Scientific Reports
|March 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans predict actions based on sequences of relational changes, not specific objects. This event-based action prediction in humans and robots shows similar temporal gains, aiding in understanding unknown objects.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

16.2K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.3K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

16.2K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Robotics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Efficient action prediction is crucial for seamless human-human and human-robot collaboration.
  • Actions can be algorithmically encoded as event sequences based on object relational changes, independent of specific object identities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether humans predict actions using an event-based, object-independent approach.
  • To compare human action prediction temporal gains with those of robots performing similar action chains.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a virtual reality setup to present various manipulation actions.
  • Tested human participants' ability to predict actions based on sequences of relational changes.
  • Measured the percentage predictive temporal gain in humans and robots for chained actions.

Main Results:

  • Humans predict actions by following the sequence of relational changes, supporting an event-based model.
  • The predictive temporal gain observed in humans performing chained actions was comparable to that of robots.
  • Action prediction is demonstrated to be object-independent, focusing on relational dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Human action prediction aligns with an event-based, object-independent framework, similar to algorithmic encoding.
  • The comparable temporal gains between humans and robots suggest a shared underlying mechanism for action prediction.
  • This object-independent approach to action recognition and prediction may facilitate cognitive understanding of novel objects and support knowledge acquisition, particularly in infants.