Immunotherapeutic potential of CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells in thymic epithelial tumors

Indications for current immune checkpoint inhibitors are expanding and now include thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Although clinical trials on immune checkpoint inhibitors for TETs are ongoing, a rationale has not yet been established for immunotherapy for TETs. Therefore, we herein performed phenotypic and functional analyses of T cells in surgically resected TET tissues with a focus on the anti-tumor properties of T cells to TETs as a step towards establishing a rationale for immunotherapy for TETs. We examined T-cell profiles in surgically resected TET tissues, particularly CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells, using flow cytometry. In the functional analysis of T cells in TETs, we investigated not only cytokine production by T cells, but also their cytotoxicity using bispecific T-cell engager technology. The cluster analysis of T-cell profiles based on flow cytometric data revealed that type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma (B3/C) belonged to the hot cluster characterized by a high proportion of Tim-3+ and CD103+ in CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells. Enhancements in cytokine production and the cytotoxicity of T cells by the anti-PD-1 antibody were significantly greater in B3/C. These results indicate the potential of immunotherapy for patients with B3/C.